常見原因包括：保險絲燒毀、電源線內部斷線、開關接觸不良、馬達線圈燒毀或主板故障。建議先更換插座測試，如仍無反應請勿自行拆機，交由專業技師檢測維修，避免觸電危險。

Common causes: blown fuse, internal power cord breakage, faulty switch, motor coil burnout or mainboard failure. Try another power outlet first. If still no response, do not disassemble by yourself, contact professional technicians to avoid electric shock hazard.

可能原因：刀盤磨損嚴重、軸承潤滑不足或損壞、異物卡入刀盤、減速齒輪磨損、馬達軸心偏移。長期忽略會導致馬達過載燒毀，建議盡快停機檢查，更換磨損零件並重新校正刀盤間距。

Possible causes: severely worn burrs, insufficient bearing lubrication or damage, foreign object stuck in burrs, worn reduction gears, motor shaft misalignment. Long-term neglect can cause motor burnout. Stop using immediately and have worn parts replaced and burrs recalibrated.

常見為調節螺紋卡死、刻度盤鬆脫、調節齒輪磨損或內部彈簧失效。部分機型因咖啡粉積垢卡死調節機構，可嘗試徹底清潔後再測試；如為機械磨損則需更換調節組件，並重新進行零點校正。

Common issues: seized adjustment thread, loose dial, worn adjustment gear or internal spring failure. Some models seize due to coffee powder buildup — try thorough cleaning first. If mechanically worn, replacement of adjustment assembly and recalibration is required.

可能原因：馬達碳刷磨耗殆盡、電容衰減、刀盤鈍化、軸承阻力增大或電壓不足。商用機型高頻率使用下碳刷約1-2年需更換。建議優先檢查碳刷與電容，再檢測刀盤鋒利度與馬達運轉電流。

Possible causes: worn motor brushes, weakened capacitor, dull burrs, increased bearing resistance or low voltage. Commercial models need brush replacement every 1-2 years with heavy use. Prioritize checking brushes and capacitor, then burr sharpness and motor current.

主因是刀盤磨損或缺口、刀盤安裝不平、軸承晃動導致偏心運轉。刀盤屬於消耗品，商用約半年至一年需更換，家用約2-3年。此外篩網堵塞也會造成細粉堆積，需定期清潔粉倉與篩網組件。

Main causes: worn or chipped burrs, uneven burr installation, bearing play causing eccentric rotation. Burrs are consumables — replace every 6-12 months for commercial use, 2-3 years for home use. Clogged sieve also causes fines buildup, clean hopper and sieve regularly.

典型的馬達過熱保護啟動。原因包括：連續使用時間過長、散熱風扇故障、進風口堵塞、馬達內部線圈輕微短路或過載。建議減少連續研磨時間，清潔散熱通道；如頻繁出現則需檢測馬達絕緣狀態。

Typical motor overheat protection activation. Causes: excessive continuous use, faulty cooling fan, blocked air intake, minor motor winding short circuit or overload. Reduce continuous grinding time and clean cooling vents. If frequent, motor insulation should be tested.

可能原因：計時器飄移、光電感應器髒污或靈敏度下降、粉道堵塞導致出粉不順、豆倉咖啡豆架橋。可先清潔感應器與粉道，檢查豆倉下料是否順暢；如為電子計時偏差則需進入工程模式重新校準定量參數。

Possible causes: timer drift, dirty or degraded photo sensor, clogged powder chute, or coffee bean bridging in hopper. Clean sensor and chute first, check bean flow. If electronic timing deviation, enter service mode to recalibrate dosing parameters.

按鍵開關內部觸點氧化或磨損是最常見原因，也可能是按鍵縫隙累積咖啡粉導致接觸不良。輕微情況可使用電子清潔劑噴洗；如已嚴重磨損則需更換按鍵開關總成，部分觸控式面板則需檢查感應膜線路。

Most commonly caused by oxidized or worn internal switch contacts, or coffee powder buildup in button gaps. Minor cases can be cleaned with electronic contact cleaner. Severe wear requires button assembly replacement. Touch panels may need sensor circuit inspection.

常見位置：出粉口密封圈老化、粉倉接合處縫隙變大、機身外殼變形、防靜電噴嘴磨損。長期漏粉不僅浪費咖啡豆，細粉進入機身內部還會造成軸承與電路故障。需更換密封膠條並重新組裝對位。

Common locations: worn outlet seal, widened hopper joint gap, deformed casing, worn anti-static nozzle. Chronic leakage wastes coffee and allows fines to enter internal bearings and circuits. Replace sealing strips and reassemble with proper alignment.

刀盤鈍化後研磨效率下降，咖啡豆被摩擦加熱而非切割，導致粉溫升高產生焦味；也可能是馬達過熱傳導至研磨腔。應立即更換鈍化的刀盤，檢查馬達散熱系統，並調整研磨粗細避免過度細研磨。

Dull burrs reduce cutting efficiency — beans are heated by friction instead of shearing, raising powder temperature and causing burnt taste. Motor overheat can also transfer to grinding chamber. Replace dull burrs immediately, check cooling system, and avoid overly fine grind settings.

稱為「架橋現象」，常因咖啡豆油脂含量高、豆形不規則或豆倉設計角度不足造成。也可能是進料口有異物阻塞、撥粉葉片磨損。可嘗試減少豆倉裝豆量、定期搖動豆倉；磨損部件則需更換。

Called "bean bridging" — caused by oily beans, irregular bean shapes or insufficient hopper angle. May also be foreign object blockage or worn feeder blades. Try reducing hopper fill level and tapping hopper occasionally. Replace worn feeder parts if needed.

不同品牌錯誤代碼含義不同，常見如E1代表馬達過載、E2代表溫度異常、E3代表感應器故障。黑屏多為變壓器或電源模組故障。請記下錯誤代碼聯絡我們，由專業技師解讀並更換相應電子零件。

Error codes vary by brand — common ones: E1 motor overload, E2 temperature abnormal, E3 sensor fault. Black screen usually indicates transformer or power module failure. Note the error code and contact us for professional diagnosis and parts replacement.

原因包括：底腳防滑墊脫落或磨損、內部馬達固定螺絲鬆動、刀盤安裝偏心、軸承嚴重磨損導致轉子不平衡。長期震動會加速零件損耗並影響研磨均勻度。需檢查所有固定件，更換軸承並重新動平衡校正。

Causes: missing/worn anti-slip feet, loose motor mounting screws, eccentric burr installation, severe bearing wear causing rotor imbalance. Chronic vibration accelerates wear and affects grind uniformity. Check all fasteners, replace bearings and perform dynamic balance calibration.

乾燥天氣尤其明顯。原因包括：防靜電出粉嘴磨損、機身接地線脫落、塑膠部件老化失去導電性。可嘗試使用噴霧稍微增加環境濕度；如為部件老化則需更換防靜電組件，檢查機身接地是否良好。

Especially noticeable in dry weather. Causes: worn anti-static nozzle, loose ground wire, aged plastic parts losing conductivity. Try slightly increasing room humidity. For aged components, replace anti-static parts and verify proper machine grounding.

更換刀盤後必須進行零點校正：在無豆狀態下慢慢調細直到兩刀盤輕微接觸發出摩擦聲，此即零點位置，然後將刻度盤對齊零位固定。建議由專業技師操作，過度鎖緊會導致刀盤碎裂、馬達燒毀。本公司提供專業刀盤更換與校正服務。

Zero calibration is mandatory after burr replacement: gradually adjust finer without beans until burrs lightly touch and make friction sound — this is zero point, then align and lock dial. Recommend professional service — over-tightening can shatter burrs and burn out the motor.

① 每日使用後清潔豆倉與粉倉殘粉；② 每週用專用清潔藥片研磨清洗刀盤油垢；③ 每月檢查電源線與散熱口；④ 每3-6個月深度拆解清潔研磨腔與軸承補油；⑤ 避免空轉、避免連續超時使用；⑥ 保持使用環境乾燥通風。

① Clean hopper and powder residue after daily use; ② Run cleaner tablets weekly to remove burr oil buildup; ③ Check power cord and vents monthly; ④ Full disassembly cleaning and bearing lubrication every 3-6 months; ⑤ Avoid empty running and excessive continuous use; ⑥ Keep in dry, ventilated environment.

**絕對不要通電測試！** 立即拔下電源，倒出所有咖啡豆，擦乾表面積水，置於通風陰涼處至少48小時。內部馬達與電路板進水後通電會直接燒毀。建議交由專業維修拆解檢查，烘乾內部並測試絕緣後再使用。

**DO NOT plug in to test!** Unplug immediately, empty all beans, wipe surface water, and place in ventilated area for at least 48 hours. Powering on wet motor/circuit board will cause immediate burnout. Have professional service disassemble, dry internally, and test insulation before reuse.

新機出廠時刀盤表面會有少量加工殘留金屬屑與防鏽油脂，屬正常現象。正式使用前請務必「洗機」：倒入約200-500g便宜咖啡豆研磨丟棄，重複2-3次直到粉中無金屬反光與異味，再開始研磨飲用豆。

Minor metal particles and anti-rust oil from manufacturing are normal on new burrs. Always "season" a new grinder: run 200-500g of cheap beans through and discard, repeat 2-3 times until no metallic sheen or odor appears, then start using your drinking beans.

視機型等級而定：入門商用機建議連續研磨不超過5分鐘，每日累積30-60分鐘；中高端商用機可連續10-20分鐘，每日數小時。高峰營業建議配置兩台輪流使用。連續超載會大幅縮短馬達壽命，建議定期保養延長使用年限。

Depends on model grade: entry commercial — max 5 min continuous, 30-60 min daily total; mid/high-end commercial — 10-20 min continuous, several hours daily. For peak hours, use two machines alternately. Continuous overload drastically shortens motor life; regular maintenance is recommended.

家用正常使用可達8-15年，商用約5-10年（視使用強度）。當出現以下情況建議更換：① 馬達線圈燒毀且機型已停產無配件；② 機身塑膠大面積老化碎裂；③ 主板與顯示屏同時故障維修費用超過新機60%；④ 多次維修後仍頻繁故障。歡迎聯絡我們評估維修價值。

Home use: 8-15 years with proper care; commercial: 5-10 years depending on usage. Consider replacement when: ① Motor burned out and parts discontinued; ② Major plastic housing cracked from aging; ③ Combined board + display repair exceeds 60% of new machine cost; ④ Repeated failures after multiple repairs. Contact us for repair value assessment.